Post With Label Pennsylvania - Zeph1 Zeph1: Pennsylvania - All Post
Showing posts with label Pennsylvania. Show all posts
thumbnail

Massacre of the Dean Family in the Autumn of 1780

On a Sunday night in the autumn of 1780, the Dean family was visited by Captain Simonton and his family. At the time, Simonton and his family were the closest neighbors to the Dean family, living at a home along the Juniata on the "river road", near Canoe Valley, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. While visiting, Captain Simonton gave news of hostile Native Americans being in the area. So he recommended that the Deans head to Lowry's Fort, which existed near modern day Fox Run and Goodman Roads in Alexandria. Matthew Dean's family consisted of eight children at this time and the sooner they got ready to evacuate, the better. Mr. Dean chose not to leave for the fort though and dismissed the sighting as just rumor. When the Simontons were getting ready to leave, his son stopped his parents to ask if he could stay overnight at the Dean's place. His parents gave in and Mrs. Simonton promised to visit the next day.


Fox Run Road (Also, Bing StreetSide view)

The next morning, Mr. Dean takes two of his sons and two of his oldest daughters out to their cornfields to prepare the fields for spring and sow some rye. Once done with the planting, Mr. Dean went into the woods to hunt wild pigeon for food. Not long after, he saw smoke in the distance coming from the direction of his home and hurried out of the woods. His four children also followed quickly along with him. Along the way, they met up with Mrs. Simonton, as she was arriving, and she followed them to the home with the five Deans. They all arrived at the Dean home to find that all of the children and his wife were dead. The home was also lit on fire by the raiding Native Americans. In the yard, one of Mr. Dean's young daughters was found scalped. The home had burned for a while and only the burned remains of the Dean family's members were left. The Simonton boy was nowhere to be found though. A search party, following the trail of the Native American individuals, was headed by the eight Beatty boys and included many other men from other local families.

valley landscape corn field and hills

Captain Simonton traveled to Minor's Mill that day and only heard the news once he arrived back at Water Street. Hearing the news, he quickly took off to the Dean's as they were pulling remains of the Dean family from the home. Hearing the news of his missing son he, along with everyone else, suspected that his son was taken into captivity. In response, Simonton offered up a  ransom or reward for his return or recovery. The amount he offered was 100 pounds. He attended a few treaty meetings, including ones at Miami Valley and Chillicothe, Ohio. The captives he saw at these treaties, none of them were his son. The many searches for his son, by the search parties, also came up empty handed. After a while, he lost hope and gave up the search.

Decades passed, during the War of 1812, three of Simonton's other sons were with Captain Moses Canan's military company and working with Senecas (who were neutral) there in Cattaraugus County, NY. A white man was spotted by some of the other men in the company, living comfortably with the Seneca, with a wife. Being curious, they asked about his past and wondered if he was from the Juniata. They asked him with him replying, "I think I am." He also told them that his name was John Sims. The Army soldiers then asked him if he wanted to see his brothers, telling him that they were nearby, and John said that he would. He then began to cry and it was clear that he was the missing brother. While still talking with the soldiers, his wife arrived, looking displeased, and quickly took him away. After that, they never saw him again throughout their whole time stationed at Cattaraugus.

On the rest of the family, the elder, Captain Simonton, died before his sons arrived back from war. and one of Dean's daughters, one of the ones working in the field at the time of the massacre, married a member of the Caldwell family. His sons surviving sons were also married and had quite large families.

Suggested Reading and Sources:

History of Huntingdon and Blair Counties, Pennsylvania By J. Simpson Africa, Page 321
History of the Early Settlement of the Juniata Valley by Uriah James Jones, Chapter XXIX, Page 301
Dean Families of South-central Pennsylvania, About 1780 to 1810
thumbnail

Shikellamy - Oneida Chief and Iroquois Representative in Pennsylvania

Appletons' Swatane
By Jacques Reich (probably based on an 
earlier work by another artist) 
[Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Born around 1690 in New York State, Shikellamy (sometimes spelled Shikellimy, also known as Swatane) was originally a member of the Susquehannock tribe. Though Susquehannocks referred to themselves as Andastes. When the tribe settled at Conestoga, they gave up war and disagreeing members left the tribe and joined other tribes. Shikellamy was one of the individuals to leave the Andastes and joined up with the Oneida. He became a part of the Oquacho (Wolf Tribe). It's said that he rose quickly within the tribe and was a leader amongst the tribe. By the year of 1728, he was the representative of the Six Nations in dealings with the proprietary colonial government. He even became favorable amongst the English.

In the summer of 1745, Shikellamy visited Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and spent three weeks there. During the time, he met with many men and made friendships with them. Of all the visitors in that summer, he was the one that was most revered, impressive and respected in the eyes of the English there. Shikellamy was shown the schools and met with students in the (back then) small town. 

After the visit, Bishop Spangenberg, Conrad Weiser, John Joseph, David Zeisberger, Shikellamy, his son John, and Andrew Sattelihu, traveled on to Onondaga, an Iroquois settlement. On this journey, Shikellamy gave the Bishop the name T'girhitonti which meant "row of trees'. John Joseph received the name Hajingonis (one who twists tobacco), David Zeisberger got the the name Ganonsseracheri (on the pumpkin). This would've been around June 10, 1745. Shikellamy served as the voice between the English and the Iroquois in Onondaga. He was also a guide to Conrad Weiser for many years.

He moved to Shamokin (near modern-day Sudbury) in 1742 and spent his last years there, dying on December 6, 1748

Read More about Shikellamy:

Best sources:
Otzinachson: A History of the West Branch Valley of the Susquehanna

On the Frontier with Colonel Antes: Or, The Struggle for Supremacy of the Red and White Races in Pennsylvania

Bishop J. C. F. Cammerhoff's narrative of a journey to Shamokin, Penna. in the winter of 1748

Quick facts:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikellamy


thumbnail

Tytoona Cave in Sinking Valley, Blair County, Pennsylvania

Tytoona Cave, Pennsylvania
A lesser known natural sight in Central Pennsylvania, with an interesting history, is Tytoona Cave in Sinking Valley. It's one of the newer nature preserves in the region. It is officially known as the Tytoona Cave Nature Preserve and is owned by the Huntingdon County chapter of the National Speleological Society after being bought on December 23, 1997 from the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy. The size of the preserve is around 7 acres. 

On the Tytoona Cave's history, it was first described in maps and writings in 1788. One of the earliest stories is of soldiers chasing a few Native American men (who'd just attacked settlers) until they escaped into the cave, causing the soldiers not to follow them. In the 1947 and 1972 there were attempts to turn it into an attraction but nature didn't play along all that well and hurt these developments. The 1972 attempt was the last time anyone tried to commercialize the site.

Regardless of how the cave entrance appears in photos, it's actually quite big. Depending on the time of the year you'll be able to enter the cave and walk a ways in without getting wet. Though it's recommended that you pay attention to every step you take when going inside, for your own safety. Also, don't venture too far in unless you're a professional and never enter the water unless you have diving gear. Tytoona is dangerous and has even claimed the lives of experienced cave explorers, including one in the mid-80s.

The exit is nearly a mile down, at Arch Spring, and is located on private property. So viewing from that side will require permission from the landowner and entry may or may not be possible through the Arch Spring side due to past logjams.

For those interested in visiting Tytoona Cave, there's an opportunity to inspire visitors to learn about the cave and its history. It's a great natural sight to visit and will appeal to everyone, of any age. The entrance to the cave itself is unlike most caves elsewhere in the state and around the country. You can also volunteer to help take care of the cave, its grounds, and help in keeping them clean. They've had problems with vandalism, spray-painting, in the past and some of these volunteers also help keep vandals and "partiers" out.

Learn more about the Tytoona Cave Nature Preserve:

Tytoona Cave: a New NSS Nature Preserve by Garrett Czmor
Tytoona Cave on oocities (archived GeoCities pages)
Tytoona Cave Preserve: A NSS Cave Preserve
Tytoona Cave Nature Preserve
Flickr Photos of Tytoona Cave
thumbnail

The Pine Creek Rail Trail, Pennsylvania's Best Hiking and Biking Trail

Pine Creek Rail Trail

The Pine Creek Rail Trail, one of Pennsylvania’s best trails, offers visitors a chance to explore the natural beauty of the Pine Creek Gorge—often referred to as the “Grand Canyon of Pennsylvania.” Spanning 62 miles through Tioga and Lycoming Counties, this well-maintained trail is ideal for hiking, cycling, and wildlife observation, making it a must-visit for nature enthusiasts.

Trail Overview and Features

Beginning just north of Wellsboro and ending in Jersey Shore, the Pine Creek Rail Trail follows the floor of Pine Creek Gorge. The trail’s crushed limestone surface and gentle grade make it accessible for all skill levels. Along the route, visitors encounter campgrounds, comfort stations, and small towns that provide convenient rest stops. The trail hugs Pine Creek for much of its length, offering stunning views of dramatic rock formations, moderate waterfalls, and forested landscapes. Popular activities include fishing for trout, kayaking, canoeing during spring runoff, and horseback riding on designated sections.

Wildlife abounds in the gorge, with sightings of bald eagles, white-tailed deer, river otters, wild turkeys, and even black bears. Seasonal changes enhance the experience: vibrant wildflowers bloom in spring and summer, while autumn transforms the mixed hardwood forests into a tapestry of brilliant colors.

Historical Significance

The trail traces its origins to the Jersey Shore, Pine Creek & Buffalo Railroad, which began operations in 1883. This railway was vital for transporting timber to sawmills along the gorge and coal northward to New York State. Freight trains ran along this line until 1988 when service ceased. Today, remnants of its railroad past—such as old stone mile markers—can still be seen along the trail. Interpretive panels at key trailheads provide insights into the region’s logging and railroad history.

Before the railroad era, Native Americans used the path for travel and raids. Known as the Pine Creek Path, it connected Jersey Shore to Ansonia and beyond. Attempts to convert this rugged route into a wagon road failed due to its challenging terrain.

Access Points and Amenities

Numerous access points make the trail easy to explore. The northern terminus near Wellsboro features parking at Butler Road, while the southern terminus in Jersey Shore offers parking at Railroad Street. Additional access points are located along Route 414 south of Blackwell and near Waterville. The Rattlesnake Rock parking lot is a popular drop-off location for canoeing and shuttle services.

Trailheads like Ansonia provide unique experiences such as horse-drawn wagon rides that traverse a portion of the trail before returning to the starting point. For those seeking panoramic views of Pine Creek Gorge’s depths—reaching up to 1,450 feet—Leonard Harrison State Park and Colton Point State Park offer spectacular overlooks.

Ecological Importance

Designated as a National Natural Landmark in 1968, Pine Creek Gorge spans over 47 miles with nearly 17,000 acres set aside within Tioga State Forest for conservation. Its glacially-carved canyon walls shelter diverse ecosystems that thrive in this protected environment. Migratory fish like trout contribute marine nutrients to freshwater rivers during their lifecycle—a process vital for primary production in local habitats.

The Pine Creek Rail Trail stands as a testament to Pennsylvania’s commitment to preserving its natural heritage while offering recreational opportunities that connect visitors with the state’s rich history and breathtaking landscapes. Whether exploring on foot or by bike, this trail provides an unforgettable journey through one of Pennsylvania's most iconic regions.

Citations:

  1. https://susquehannagreenway.org/land-trails/pine-creek-rail-trail/
  2. https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dcnr/recreation/where-to-go/state-forests/find-a-forest/tioga/wild-and-natural-areas.html
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine_Creek_Rail_Trail
  4. https://pawilds.com/landscape/pine-creek-valley-pa-grand-canyon/
  5. https://pacanyon.com/PineCreekRailTrail.html
  6. https://www.visitpottertioga.com/activities/pennsylvania-grand-canyon
  7. https://www.traillink.com/trail/pine-creek-rail-trail/
  8. https://www.visitpa.com/region/pennsylvania-wilds/pine-creek-gorge-pa-grand-canyon

Pine creek from rail trailPine Creek Rail Trail_creekPine CreekPine Creek Rail TrailPine Creek near Cammal
We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites.
As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.
As an eBay Partner, I may be compensated if you make a purchase through eBay links on this site

Some articles on this blog may include AI-generated elements. While we strive for accuracy and relevance, please note that AI-assisted content may not always reflect the most current information. We recommend verifying important details independently to ensure accuracy

Subscribe for Updates: