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Quick Facts about the Bradshaw Trail in California

The Bradshaw Trail, once known as the Gold Road, was a trail that gave gold prospectors and others a route to follow from San Bernardino, California to the gold deposits in the region of Ehrenberg, Arizona. It also connected Riverside County, California to a section of the Colorado River.



The trail's name comes from William David Bradshaw, a former California gold miner (a forty-niner). He helped create a trail through the area in 1862. He planned the trail since gold deposits were running low in parts of California and knew that these miners, and their families, would need to relocate to more plentiful deposits. So, the plan of the Bradshaw Trail was to give these prospectors a more direct route to La Paz, near Ehrenberg. In May of 1862 is when Bradshaw and eight men went trailblazing to create the direct route.

In its most active years, from 1862 to the latter 1870s, the Bradshaw Trail was the main trail connecting wagons and stagecoaches to the gold fields at La Paz and to other regions of Arizona.

Today though, the length of the trail has been greatly reduced and has changed in its path. As those who frequent the trail know, it's best to travel the off-road trail using a four-wheel drive vehicle, making sure that yourself, your supplies, and your vehicle are ready for the trip. Much of the trail is located within Southeastern Riverside County, with a section of it being in Imperial County. The east-west trail begins 12 miles east of North Shore near the Salton Sea State Recreation Area. The full length of the graded dirt road trail.

Find out more about the trail:

Bradshaw's Desert Trail - The Gold Road To La Paz
The Bradshaw Trail - Bureau of Land Management
Bradshaw Trail Route Map
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Stargazer Lilies - Interesting Facts and Growing Tips

Stargazer lilies have a different meaning for different people and different cultures. They may be representative of a memory from ones' past or simply just someone's favorite flower. Most popularly, they represent prosperity, optimism, peace, and opportunity. They're also well-suited for adding a unique color and look amongst other flowers that you have outdoors. Besides making for great outdoors flowers, they're also good for Mother's Day gifts, baby showers, or even as gifts for many events.

Stargazer Lily

One variety of the Stargazer Lily, the Pink Stargazer, has a noticeable fragrance and brilliant pink petals. Another noticeable aspect of the Stargazer lily is that its flower faces upwards. That's where it gets the name 'Stargazer'.


Stargazer lilies, like other lilies, can stand up to cooler temperatures, for a period, and are very hardy even in some poorer soils. When in full bloom, they'll have a noticeable fragrance to them and add great color to your flower garden. Being perennial, they'll come back year after year and better than the year before. They bloom in the middle to late summer and enjoy full sun. Though they can also be grown in partial shade. It's also best to keep the soil around these flowers moist, but not over-watered. Mulching can also help to hold in soil moisture for the flower. Which will also help keep the roots of the flower cool and healthy.

Here are some interesting facts about Stargazer lilies :

Stargazer lilies are a hybrid of the Oriental and Asiatic lilies, created by Leslie Woodriff in 1978.

They are known for their large, showy, star-shaped blooms with a deep pink color and a prominent white center.

Stargazer lilies are very fragrant and are often used in perfumes, soaps, and other scented products.

They prefer full sun or partial shade and well-draining soil.

Stargazer lilies are perennial plants, meaning they will come back year after year with proper care.

They can grow up to 36 inches tall and have a spread of up to 12 inches.

Stargazer lilies are popular in cut flower arrangements and are often used in weddings, bouquets, and other special occasions.

They are toxic to cats and can cause kidney failure if ingested, so it's important to keep them away from feline pets.

Stargazer lilies are relatively easy to care for and require regular watering, fertilization, and deadheading to promote new growth and blooms.

Stargazer lilies are a symbol of prosperity, wealth, and abundance, making them a popular gift for special occasions and celebrations.

 

Foxtail Lily - Facts and Planting Tips
White Stargazer Lily
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Lawn Dogs (1997): A Film About Social Class and Suburban Elitism

Looking for a thought-provoking drama with a touch of fantasy and folklore? Look no further than Lawn Dogs, the 1997 film starring Sam Rockwell and Mischa Barton. The movie follows the story of a blue-collar worker and offers insightful social and cultural commentary, particularly resonating with viewers who identify with the characters Trent and Devon. The film's soundtrack, featuring iconic tracks like Bruce Springsteen's, "Dancing in the Dark" and Bob Dylan's, "Knockin' On Heaven's Door", seamlessly adds to the movie's commentary on society.

Lawn Dogs title screen
Lawn Dogs
Source: The Rank Organization, Toledo Pictures


Devon heading into Camelot Gardens gated community
Devon heading into Camelot Gardens
Source: The Rank Organization, Toledo Pictures
Analysis of Lawn Dogs

Lawn Dogs is about the day-in-and-day-out life of a seasonal worker and day laborer, Trent Burns, who works at the affluent gated community of Camelot Gardens. Within the confines of Camelot Gardens, he works odd jobs and seasonal work to get by. Some of the money that he makes working in the gated community goes to help his aging, retired parents who live in a trailer park.

Trent saves money by living as a land squatter in a beat-up trailer in the woods. A trailer that's located some miles from the gated community where he works. Though his squatter status is more related to his inability, as an odd-job worker, to afford actual rent near where he works. Trent, like others who do outdoor work within Camelot Gardens, is treated poorly by the community's residents. Their poor treatment is, of course, due to their 'outsider' status amongst the snobbish, self-centered and morally corrupted residents of Camelot Gardens.
Trent's trailer in the woods.
Trent's trailer in the woods.
Source: The Rank Organization, Toledo Pictures


Devon & Trent Meet


As the film progresses, Trent meets Devon Stockard (Mischa Barton), a girl who lives within the gated prison walls of Camelot Gardens, as she's out trying to sell cookies. Their first meeting is actually when Devon finds his trailer empty, aka Baba Yaga's house, and curiously begins to snoop around the place,.rent arrives back home and is a bit startled when he finds her in his trailer. He steps back off the trailer steps, closes the trailer's door, and sits outside, waiting for her to come out.

As the story deepens, we find out that Devon's father is one of the more well-liked residents of Camelot Gardens. He's a social-climber of sorts, influenced by his unfaithful wife, that even uses his daughter to try to gain influence in the community. But Devon, like Trent, feels like an outsider within the confines of Camelot Gardens. Yet her reasons are a little different from Trent's.

Trent and Devon dancing at the river
Trent and Devon dancing at the river
Source: The Rank Organization,
Toledo Pictures
Partially based in that she's an outsider in her family and a new arrival to the community, she doesn't get along with the other children in the neighborhood. Nor does she ever want to. As for the adults in Camelot Gardens, she doesn't care much for them either. Throughout the film, you'll see the similarities between Trent and Devon becoming more apparent. They both enjoy the freedom of the open and don't enjoy the stifling, inclusive atmosphere of the community within those gates. A place that produces the most upstanding citizens, in illusionary terms, who are little more than modernly liberal and cultureless. Liberal in that what's done within their class, no matter how deviant or disturbed, is perfectly acceptable. But the smallest things done by those outside their "class" is completely worthy of punishment from Camelot Garden's residents.

In that, is where Devon and Trent are completely separate from the classist community. They prefer the openness of the world versus the stagnation, isolation, arrogance, and "safety" of Camelot Gardens.

The Kinship Between Devon and Trent


Looking deeper into the story of Lawn Dogs, Devon begins to see Trent as a sort of father figure, in a way. She sees Trent as nowhere near as distant, 'normal' and cold as her robotic father. Unlike Devon's father, Trent doesn't see her as a way to get ahead in the community of Camelot Gardens. Nor does he treat her like she's a lesser person. Devon's mother, who is just as distant, treats Devon the same way her father does. Both of her parents see her as a burden but try to offset this by using her as just another way to get ahead. Not once truly caring about her hopes and needs.

Trent and Devon shouting, "This is my river!"
"This is my river!"
Source: The Rank Organization,
Toledo Pictures
Furthermore, both of Devon's parents are a bit embarrassed by her. This is because of how she differs from the residents, the children, and the adults, of the community. Both of her parents have put her in a position where she's like an object to help them get to the top of the community's social circles. Due to this, Devon has a mutually distant feeling towards both of her parents and the people of the community that she's unable to relate to. She, like Trent, feels like an outcast of sorts, and in feeling alone, she wants someone to relate to. She is someone more 'free-spirited' and feels more at home in the open and unrestrained. Like Trent, she prefers the wide-open freedom to the stagnation and the false safety within the gates of Camelot Gardens.

As for Trent, it's evident that, given a few events in the film, he's looking for someone to show concern for him. That is, besides the care and concern he gets from his parents. Of course, that's now how it initially was since it was Devon who, in an unorthodox manner, introduced herself to him while she was out selling cookies.

Trent and His Seeking a Meaningful Direction in His Life

A 'lost boy' looking for his way, with a weight upon his shoulders.

Trent, he also looks for someone to care about and relate to. A 'girlfriend', Pam, a friend with benefits form Camelot Gardens, brushes him off on numerous occasions in the film. The brush-off happens as Trent makes it clear that he wants to get to know Pam better and be introduced to her family.

In the storyline, the rejection he feels is where Devon comes in. Her character fills that void, being like a daughter to him, and makes him feel less alone in the world. When Trent brings Devon to his parents' house, it reveals a side that wants his parents to be proud of him. It's also about Trent trying to bring a little more joy and brightness into his parents' lives any way he can. Most everything he does is for his parents.

Where Trents' parents live.Trent's father has lung problems stemming from his service during the Korean War.
Trent's father with his flag and the flags of friends who lost their lives in during the Korean War.Trent and his father.
Source: The Rank Organization, Toledo Pictures

It is in these scenes where we find Trent becoming upset by the reality that his father isn't doing all that well, health-wise. Without spoilers, these scenes are definitely amongst the best of the film. After the visit to his parents, on the ride back towards Camelot Gardens, Trent begins to see Devon as someone he can open up to about things. Devon becomes someone to talk to about his father's disease and other problems. Which are the things that Trent usually keeps bottled up because he had no one to talk and had no one, other than his parents, that took him seriously.

In this, Devon becomes like a family member, the daughter figure, and he takes on a role of being a father figure of sorts. Devon, in turn, shows her appreciation as she doesn't get that from her social-climbing father. Later on, we see that in her defense of Trent over her father, and against the others of Camelot Gardens, proving that she sees Trent as more worth protecting. Even over her own father.

Devon drifting Trent's father's flag in the windDevon let go of the American flag
Source: The Rank Organization, Toledo Pictures

---------------------------------------------------------

When I first saw this film, sometime around 2000, the story pulled me in from the start. Lawn Dogs was such a memorable film that even years after forgetting its name I still remembered the story. Years later, I randomly came across the film again on Hulu, on Christmas Eve of 2009. Then I purchased the DVD within the following weeks.

In my opinion, Lawn Dogs is one of the films that you'll want to watch again. Its lesser-known status and low popularity does make it a "gem" of sorts. It is definitely a film that everyone should see at least once. It's a relatable film and is similar, especially given the base story of Trent's life, "class", and that of his parents, to many of our lives and our circumstances.

Another aspect of this film that makes it enjoyable is the simplicity of Trent's life. Yet, at the same time, his life is far from being as simple as it appears to be on the surface. The difference in his "social class" from those in Camelot Gardens has him sticking out like a sore thumb when he enters Camelot Gardens to put in a day's work. The community's residents look down on him for being blue collar. Yet, Devon sees him and looks at him, and his character, as someone new who is worth looking up to and getting to know. Almost like she sees him as a symbol of freedom in the middle of the 'prison' of Camelot Gardens. A community where her parents just happen to be the 'fine, upstanding citizens'. Even though they are anything but.

Add that to the fact that Devon doesn't identify with the kids her age in Camelot Gardens as she says, they "smell like television", only it brings out more of her dislike of the confinement in the gated community. Both Devon and Trent have a sort of resentment of how their lives are but don't let it make them bitter. In that, it is what makes their characters similar from the beginning. It's their natural need for freedom, a spirit alive in the both of them, which makes Devon and Trent very much alike.

Anyway, that's my take on the film Lawn Dogs. It's one of the rarer films that's worth seeing for those who have never seen it before. It's also likely that you'll end up wanting to watch the film more than once to take in the full story.


Lawn Dogs Filming Locations - Where Lawn Dogs was filmed

Bridge over Harrods Creek (Trent's diving scene in Lawn Dogs):


Lawn Dogs Soundtrack

Jubilee - Shake and Shiver
Sister Sledge - We Are Family
Carol Douglas - Doctor's Orders
Dwight Yoakam - A Thousand Miles From Nowhere
Hues Corporation - Rock The Boat
J.J. Cale - Feeling In Love
Alannah Myles - Black Velvet
Bruce Springsteen - Dancing In The Dark
Bill Monroe - In The Pines
Bob Dylan - Knockin' On Heaven's Door
Composer: Trevor Jones - IMDB link Wikipedia link Official Website - Opening Titles and Home/End Scene Music

Director: John Duigan 
Writer: Naomi Wallace

Lawn Dogs Movie Cast

Sam Rockwell
Trent
Mischa Barton
Devon Stockard
Christopher McDonald
Morton Stockard
Kathleen Quinlan
Clare Stockard
Bruce McGill
Nash
Miles Meehan
Billy
David Barry Gray
Bret
Eric Mabius
Sean Torrance
Beth Grant
Trent's Mother
Tom Aldredge
Jake (Trent's Father)
Angie Harmon
Pamela Gregory
José Orlando Araque
Salvador the Mailman
Tracker
Odin and Tafekei


Trivia and External Links 

The fictional McCade County (spelling?) is where Camelot Gardens is located. Though, in some sources, the county is either McKay or Mackay. There are references to McKay near where Lawn Dogs was filmed in Kentucky. Though it sounds like "McCade" when Devon says the fictional county's name.

Sam Rockwell, Bruce McGill, and Beth Grant all starred together in the 2003 film, "Matchstick Men".

Sam Rockwell and Bruce McGill star together in the 2019 film, "The Best of Enemies".

Discussion/another take on Devon's character - "I think Devon was meant to be traumatised by her heart surgeries"

Lawn Dogs was filmed in Louisville, Prospect, and Danville, Kentucky 

Film Script: https://web.archive.org/web/20060127020125/http://www.awesomefilm.com/script/LAWNDOGS.htm

The Movie DB:
https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/35796-lawn-dogs

Moviechat.org:
https://moviechat.org/tt0119506/Lawn-Dogs

Lawn Dogs Fan Videos

Lawn Dogs 1997 movie

Lawn Dogs 1997 Trailer

Lawn Dogs
Lawn Dogs Title Screen
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Best Places to Visit in Hopkinsville, Christian County, Kentucky

Founding of Hopkinsville

Hopkinsville, located in Southwest Kentucky, is a city of over 32,000 residents. Settled in 1796, and officially founded in 1804, Hopkinsville offers a rich history and rich historical sites for visitors to experience. The city's first settlers were Bartholomew Wood and his wife Martha after they received 1,200 acres of land as 'reward' for his service during the Revolutionary War. Once Christian County was officially founded later that year, Bartholomew and Martha donated five acres to the newly-formed county government.

Christian County courthouse Kentucky
By Bedford at en.wikipedia (
Own work Transferred from en.wikipedia)
[Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
From there, in 1798, development of the area was well under way, including a courthouse and jail. After a short 'fight' over what the town would be named, with one recommendation being the name of Woods' daughter Elizabeth, the town became officially known as Hopkinsville. The city was named after state representative and veteran, Samuel Hopkins.

Points of Interest in Hopkinsville

Though not exhaustive, here are some of the points of interests and places to see in and around Hopkinsville, Kentucky.

Visit the official websites of each attraction for more information.

Charles Jackson Circus Museum

A collection of circus memorabilia, including items from Ringling Bros and Barnum and Bailey.

Hopkinsville Museum
By Bedford at en.wikipedia
(Own work Transferred from en.wikipedia)
[Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Pennyroyal Area Museum

Learn about Edgar Cayce (born in Hopkinsville), military heroes and local African-American history.

Woody Winfree Fire-Transportation Museum

See a collection of classic cars, buggies, an antique fire truck and more.

Don F. Pratt Memorial Museum

As a part of Fort Campbell, this museum features the history of the 101st Airborne's "Screaming Eagles" and their missions during wartime, from World War II up to Operation Desert Storm. Also displayed are military equipment, aircraft, and monuments.

Bramble & Bee Farm

Bramble & Bee Farm offers raw honey, jams and jellies, canned goods, and organic produce for sale at local shops and the local farmer's market. They also offer many products produced from honey and beeswax.

Copper Canyon Ranch

Copper Canyon is an attraction designed to look like an Old West town. Open for picnics, field trips, public visits. Seasonal events, such as their "Haunted Ghost Town" around Halloween, are open for all.

MB Roland Distillery

A Small-scale distillery that offers free tours for visitors offering taste-testing and the purchasing of their products. They produce rums, whiskeys, "True Kentucky Shine", and other alcoholic beverages.

Tie Breaker Family Aquatic Center

The Tie Breaker Family Aquatic Center is a water park that features Ripple River, a slow-moving 'river' for visitors to float down, The Splash Zone (a playground with small water slides and other equipment), and larger slides, Riptide Express, and Hurricane Alley. Also available are poolside concession stands.

Pennyroyal Scuba Blue Springs Resort

An old quarry, turned into a dive site, with water depths ranging from 5 feet to 130 feet. Scuba diving experiences are available for the beginner to the experienced divers. There are over 40 'sunken treasure' locations for divers to explore. Also available are equipment rentals, tank refills, diving classes and a service department at the dive shop.

Pennyrile Forest State Resort Park

A state park with plentiful woods surrounding it, lodging and cabins for rent, camping sites, natural trails, fishing areas on Pennyrile Lake, swimming picnic shelters, nature trails and more.

Christian County Historical Society
By Bedford at en.wikipedia (Own workTransferred from en.wikipedia) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Historic Attractions in Hopkinsville


Historic site with a memorial built for the Confederate president born in the area in 1808.


Honoring the memory of the Cherokee who died on the Trail of Tears after their forced removal from their lands. Also featured are the burial sites of Chief Fly Smith and Chief White Path.


Downtown Hopkinsville features historic homes, with detailed architecture, and many shops, businesses, and numerous other attractions and activities.


Fort Campbell Memorial Park was built in memory of the 248 soldiers, who lost their lives after their plane crashed, in 1985, shortly after takeoff in Gander, Newfoundland, Canada.



Gift Shops


Blue Creek Centre 
4537 Ft. Campbell Boulevard. 
Hopkinsville, KY


100 East 6th Street
Hopkinsville, KY


4259 Fort Campbell Blvd
Hopkinsville, KY


205 Means Avenue
Hopkinsville, Kentucky


911 S Main St
Hopkinsville, Kentucky
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Genesee Region State Parks in Western New York

View from Portage Viaduct
Dan Parnell at en.wikipedia [CC BY-SA 3.0
or GFDL], via Wikimedia Commons
The Genesee and Genesee Valley regions of Western New York are known for their many parks, its scenic beauty and rich history. One of the most well-known parks, Letchworth State Park, offers both an interesting history, many places of interest and miles of trails. Including the Genesee River Gorge, giving it the name "Grand Canyon of the East."
About an hour north of Letchworth is Lakeside Beach State Park and a handful of other state parks and beaches within the Genesee region. Most of which provide camping, swimming, outdoor activities and even fishing in some of the locations.

Letchworth State Park

Letchworth State Park is in the area of what was once the home of Mary Jemison and the Seneca. The "Grand Canyon of the East" is one of the most scenic areas in the state. The Genesee River flows through the middle of Letchworth Park with three waterfalls at different points of the river within the park. There are over 60 miles of hiking trails. Which includes specialized trails for biking, snowmobiling, skiing and horseback riding. Activities at the park include guided walks and tours, programs about nature and the local history, whitewater rafting, boating, and kayaking. There's also a pool available for swimming and hot air ballooning at the nearby, "Balloons Over Letchworth".
Not only are there plenty of spring and summer activities are Letchworth State Park but there's also winter activities for visitors. Which include cross-country skiing, snow tubing, sledding, and snowmobiling. At the Glen Iris Inn, many services are available and open to the public. Which include breakfast, lunch, and dinner. They also offer rooms and reservations for special events.



Conesus Lake and Conesus Lake Public Boat Launch

Conesus Lake offers those who enjoy boating and fishing easy access to the lake with many different species of bass, trout and other fish in its waters. You can even fish from the docks. The lake is also open in the winter for ice fishing. For those looking just to visit and not go out onto the lake, there are plenty of picnic sites. For campers, there are campsites open for tents and RVs and on-site cabins, cottages and trailers available for rent.
A yearly tradition also takes place on the night of July 3rd for the 4th of July holiday. Called the "Ring of Fire", people staying at the lake light up thousands of road flares around the whole lake at dusk and shoot off fireworks. During the day, you can engage in activities beyond just fishing or having a picnic though. You can go scuba diving, water skiing, sailing or just sit back and relax if that's your thing.
Conesus Lake panorama
Benjamin D. Esham / Wikimedia Commons [CC BY-SA 3.0 us], via Wikimedia Commons



Darien Lakes State Park

Darien Lakes State Park, not to be confused with the theme park nearby. The park was originally called Harlow Lake and Park and was created in the summer of 1960. It provides over 150 seasonal campsites, most of which providing electric hookups for RVS and trailers. There's also a small beach at one part of the lake. Elsewhere around the park, there are rest stations, showers, playgrounds, areas for fishing, trails for hiking and horse-riding. Some of which are also open in winter for skiing and snowmobiling. For picnicking. there are two picnic shelters (requiring a reservation) and numerous picnic tables with grills nearby, including across the small bridge to Picnic Island.

Genesee Valley Greenway State Park

Genesee Valley Greenway State Park roughly follows the Genesee River. Much of the park is a trail that stretches for 90 miles along what was once the Pennsylvania Railroad path and along the Genesee Valley Canal. The trail is open to public for biking and walking. Along the trail, you'll find a few areas of historical and natural significance. Being made from the former Pennsylvania Railroad path, much of the trail is level with cinder, gravel and short grass and not just a dirt path. While passing through the Genesee Valley Greenway, you'll find plenty of environments including marshes and wetlands, woodlands, streams and river valleys, gorges, farmland, the area's long-standing villages and more. The trail also connects up with the Finger Lakes Trail, Erie Attica Trail, Lehigh Valley Trail, the Genesee River Trail and the Erie Canal Recreation Way.



Silver Lake State Park

Silver Lake State Park offers visitors a quiet day vacation getaway. There are many boat launch sites, picnic areas and restroom areas on and in the area of the parklands. But most of the park isn't developed, allowing it to keep its natural beauty. On West Lake Road, in the southwest corner of the lake, not far past Silver Lake Marine, is a boat launch open to the public. On the eastern side of the lake, there are a few boat rental businesses and public boat launch sites. The public boat launch is suited for rowboats, canoes, kayaks and small motor boats. While other sites can handle larger boats. So it's best to do a little research on the boat launch locations before visiting. The two links below provide much more information about Silver Lake and the State Park.



Oak Orchard State Marine Park

Oak Orchard State Marine Park is open from April 15th to November 1st, offering picnic areas with grills, boat launch sites, showers and restroom areas, an overlook, and many seasonal events. Events which include a car show, a series of concerts, a fishing tournament. Visitors can also reserve, in advance, the park and pavilions for events and gatherings.

Irondequoit Bay State Marine Park

Irondequoit Bay Marine park has 30 acres of land and offers fishing, boating on Lake Ontario and Irondequoit Bay. There is a small restroom area for visitors and clean out stations for boaters who visit the park. The park is open from April 1st to October 31st, 6:00 am until 8:00 PM. Besides fishing and boating, there are also geocaches located around the park.



Hamlin Beach State Park

Hamlin Beach features over 250 campsites for tents and trailers, numerous shaded picnic sites with grills and picnic tables. On the east side of the State Park is the mile-long nature trail that's for visitors. Elsewhere on the park grounds, mainly near the lakeside, are miles of hiking trails, which visitors are also permitted to use bikes on. In winter, there are numerous snowmobile and skiing trails. For those who enjoy time on the lake, or fishing, you can bring small (car-top) boats and launch them from an area on the eastern side of the park.


Lakeside Beach State Park

Lakeside Beach State Park
By The original uploader was Decumanus at
English Wikipedia [GFDL or CC-BY-SA-3.0],
via Wikimedia Commons
Lakeside Beach State Park is a well-kept, peaceful scenic park offering 274 camping sites, miles of hiking and biking trails, picnic areas, restrooms, fishing, open playing fields and a disc golf course with 18 holes to play through. There are separate pets and no pets areas for convenience and comfort. On the grounds, there are also a few playgrounds and a camping supply store.
The downside is that there is no swimming allowed at this park but you can head to Hamlin Beach with your camping pass. Though it's about a 20-minute trip to Hamlin Beach. In winter, Lakeside offers hiking, snowmobiling and ski trails.
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The Mound Builders of Western New York - An Unknown Tribe

Aboriginal Occupation of the Lower Genesee Country
Excerpts from Aboriginal Occupation of the Lower Genesee Country by George Henry Harris - 1884
The discovery of several tall, 7 and 8 foot skeletons in multiple 
burial mounds around Western New York
Near the top of a high ridge of sand hills, in the town of Pittsford, south 
of the Irondequoit valley, and about one mile east of Allen's creek, stands a 
great heap of limestone boulders, evidently of drift origin. They are the only 
stone of that character in that vicinity, measure from two to three feet in 
diameter, and are heaped one upon the other in a space about twelve feet 
square. They occupied the same place and position sixty or seventy years 
ago, and old residents say the heap existed in the same form when the ground 
was cleared. Indians who passed that way in early days regarded the stones 
with superstitious awe, stating, when questioned, that a people who lived there 
before the Indians brought the stones to the hilltop. 
"On the shore of Lake Ontario, on a high bluff near Irondequoit bay, in 
1796," says Oliver Culver, "the bank caved off and untombed a great quantity 
of human bones, of a large size. The arm and leg bones, upon comparison, 
were much larger than those of our own race."' The bluff mentioned by Mr. 
Culver was the seaward side of an elevated spot that might properly be 
termed a natural mound. It was one of the outlying range of sand hills or 
knolls, then existent along the shore of the lake in that locality, and long 
years ago succumbed to the never-ceasing encroachment of the lake waters. 
Its location was immediately west of the angle formed by the present west 
line of Irondequoit bay and Lake Ontario; as late as 1830 human bones of an 
unusually large size were occasionally seen projecting from the face of the 
bluff, or lying on the beach where the undermined soil had fallen. The tribe 
of Seneca Indians living in Irondequoit in 1796 could give no information 
concerning these bones, stating their belief that they were the remains of a 
people who dwelt about the bay before the Indians came there. 
In 1880 a sand bank was opened in the side of the ridge, and that part 
covered by the mounds has since been entirely removed. During the course 
of excavation a laborer came upon human remains. Parts of eight skeletons 
were exhumed, each surrounded by fine black soil. These were concealed and 
all evidence of the find destroyed; but the discovery of a bone of unusual 
size, together with a curious pipe, was brought to the attention of Mr. Brewer. 
The laborer could remember few details of the position in which the remains 
were found, and the opportunity for careful investigation was lost. 

The Mound-builders were inveterate smokers, and great numbers of pipes 
have been found in their mounds. The skill of the makers seems to have been 
exhausted in their construction, and no specimens of Indian art can equal those 
of the lost race. Many pipes of a shape similar to those discovered in the 
mounds of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys have been found in various parts 
of the country. 
smoking pipe artifact
Figure 1 is a greatly reduced representation of an article of stone, evidently intended for a pipe, but unfinished, found near Mount Morris, in the Genesee valley, and sent to the New York state cabinet at Albany by Mr. Squier, who says: "It is composed of steatite or 'soap-stone,' and in shape corresponds generally with the pipes of stone found in the mounds of the Mississippi valley. One or two pipes of stone of very nearly the same shape have been found in the same vicinity, but in point of symmetry or finish they are in no way comparable to those of the mounds."' The pipe taken from the ridge mound in Rochester is of the distinctively characteristic, or primitive form^ peculiar to the Mound-builders, and is represented in figure 2.
smoking pipe artifact
It is, or was originally, five and one-half inches long, one and three-fourths wide, and one inch and seven-eighths from bottom of base to top of bowl. The lines are slightly irregular, but very perfect for a hand-made article. The material is steatite, very close grain and quite brittle.
In the color it is a deep, rich brown, with blending patches of lighter shade, 
and every particle of the surface is so beautifully polished that it might easily be 
mistaken for marble. It was the only article of any description found with the human 
remains, though other relics may have been unnoticed. Close questioning elicited the 
fact that nearly all the graves were near the south slope of the ridge, and from two to 
two and a half feet below the original surface, while the large bone, a humerus, 
was nearer the surface and perhaps more directly beneath the center of the west 
mound; from which it may be inferred, though not definitely proven, that the 
mound was built over that particular bod)' with which the pipe was buried, and 
the other bodies interred in the side of the mound at a subsequent period. 
The condition of the remains would seem to fivor this view, the humerus 
being the only remaining part of the body to which it belonged, while several 
portions of skeletons from the other graves were, though very much decayed. 
quite firm in comparison; one skull (figure 3 being preserved entire.)
unique skull
Mr. Brewer presented this skull and pipe to Professor S A. Lattimore of the Uni- versity of Rochester, to whom we are indebted for their use. In March, 1882, a human skeleton of large proportions was unearthed near the former location of the east mound. The laborers, astonished at the great size of the bones, engaged in a discussion as to whether it was or was not the remains of a human being, and, with true Hibernian method, broke the skele- ton into fragments to prove the ease.
Read the Rest, including the discovery of a skeleton over eight 
feet in height at Samuel Truesdale's farm in Greece, in 1878


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Women of the Revolutionary War - Nancy Morgan Hart

Nancy Ann Hart (née Morgan) was born in 1735 in North Carolina to her parents Thomas and Rebecca Morgan (née Alexander). She came from a family line of well-known figures in our nation's history, including General Daniel Morgan (her cousin and Revolutionary War hero) and Daniel Boone. Around the year 1760, she met and married Benjamin Hart.

Nancy Hart's Childhood

Not much is known about her childhood, but it is clear that she was raised in a family of proud and independent frontier people. Nancy Hart was a spirited and fearless young woman, and she would need all of her courage in the years to come.

Nancy Hart - The Heroine

In her mid-30s, the 1770s, she and her family moved to Georgia, to the region of Elberton. This was after Nancy and Benjamin Hart were married in 1760. Their home was near the Broad River and they owned more than 400 acres of the land, with some of it along the banks of the Wahatchee Creek. The name of the creek, meaning War Woman, was said to be named for Nancy by local Native Americans. Though this may not be true as the name for the creek seems to have existed before she moved there.

Nancy Hart
Nancy Morgan Hart and Sukey against the Tories
By Illustrator not credited. [Public domain],
via Wikimedia Commons
Nancy Morgan Hart was a intimidating red-haired woman who stood over 6 feet tall. Her face was scarred from getting smallpox when she was younger. She was also hard-headed and could stand up to and swear with the best of men. Due to this, she became notorious in her area and also respected by many. Before the Revolutionary War, she learned to shoot well and to do the job of a doctor, treating her family members and neighbors when needed. She grew a garden of medicinal herbs to help her in her doctoring. She was also a very patriotic women and was very anti-Tory. She ran her farm as her husband spied on the Tories . She'd also done the same on a few occasions by playing a role of a stupid person and spying on Tories in their own camps. Another time, she gained information, for the Continental Army, while posing as a seller peddling houseware and eggs. She also got information for Major General Benjamin Lincoln and Henry Lee III.

What earned her status as a heroine of the Revolutionary War was on a day when she was doing work around their homestead, along with her 13-year-old daughter Sukey, when some Tory soldiers showed up at their home and demanded to be fed. Nancy went on to tell them that they only had one living turkey since previous Tory soldiers came and took turkeys. So, in response, the Tories took her last turkey and shot it and told her to cook it. She had no choice but to cook the turkey since it was clear that they were not leaving. As she cooked, she told stories to the Tories to put them at ease as they drank. While eating and drinking some more, Nancy saw that they relaxed enough and sent her daughter out to get water from their well. Before her daughter left the home, she whispered to her to blow their conch shell horn by the well to alert their neighbors that they needed some help. The sound alerted her Nancy's husband Benjamin, who was at work nearby, It also alerted their neighbors at the same time.

This is while Nancy, still in the house, was carefully gathering the Tories guns and concealing them in her skirts and then sliding them out through openings in their walls that were used to shoot through in defense of the home, during Indian raids and other assaults on their home. Unfortunately, what she was doing was seen by one of the soldiers and they tried to pull their guy, thinking that Nancy wasn't watching. He was quickly shot by Nancy. Another soldier tried to pull his gun and was shot by Nancy, all the same. Help finally arrived, her husband and the neighbors, and then they were about to shoot at the Tories. It's said that Nancy decided shooting them would be too good for them. Especially after her hearing that they shot a neighbor of hers, Colonel John Dooly. They took the Tory soldiers behind her home and hung them all from a tree.

The incident was never written down and was instead passed along as some tall tale. That is until around 150 years after the incident, in 1922, the burial spots of the Tory soldiers were discovered when ground was being graded for the railroad.

Today, a replica of Nancy's cabin, built on the same site as the original in the 1930s, are part of a 5-acre park in Elberton, Georgia. In nearby Hartwell stands a statue of Nancy Morgan Hart. There's also a section of a highway named in her honor and the county of Hart was also named in her memory. Nancy Hart is buried in the Book Cemetery in Henderson, Kentucky

More about Nancy Morgan Hart:

Feisty Females: Nancy Morgan Hart, War Woman
Nancy Hart Revolutionary Heroine
Nancy Hart 1735-1830 "Poor Nancy-she was a honey of a patriot, but the devil of a wife!"
Northeast Georgia Mountains / Elberton - Nancy Hart Log Cabin
Hart, Nancy Morgan  - American Revolution Reference Library, 2000 From U.S. History in Context

Nancy and Benjamin Hart's Children: 
Sons: Morgan, John, Thomas, Benjamin, Lemuel, and Mark
Daughters: Sarah, Keziah, and Sukey.
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